OPIOID USE DISORDER

Opioid use disorder, previously known as Opioid Abuse or Opioid Dependence, is a condition characterized by a problematic pattern of opioid use that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) defines criteria for this condition, which include the following:

• Taking opioids in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended

• Having a persistent desire or unsuccessful attempts to reduce or control opioid use

• Spending excess time obtaining, using, or recovering from opioids

• Craving opioids

• Continued opioid use causing an inability to fulfill work, home, or school responsibilities

• Continuing opioid use despite persistent social or interpersonal problems

• Lack of involvement in social, occupational, or recreational activities

• Using opioids in physically hazardous situations

• Continuing opioid use despite awareness of persistent physical or psychological problems

Additionally, exhibiting tolerance symptoms, which can be defined by either of the following:

• A need for markedly increased amounts of opioids to achieve intoxication or desired effect

• Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of an opioid

Withdrawal symptoms may also be exhibited, as manifested by either of the following:

• The characteristic opioid withdrawal syndrome

• Opioids (or a closely related substance) are taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms